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KMID : 0857920220250020045
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Yonsei Journal of Medical History
2022 Volume.25 No. 2 p.45 ~ p.84
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The Operation of Gyeongseong Bumin Hospital and the Limitations of Medical Accessibility Solutions in Gyeongseong
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Rhee Soon-Young
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Abstract
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This article examines how medical administration and social projects combined and were used during the transition of colonial policy in the early 1930s by analyzing the background, operation, profit structure, and user characteristics of the Gyeongseong Bumin public hospital.
The Gyeongseong City government continued to devise measures to carry out hygiene and medical projects even in the absence of medical administration authorities and facilities. In the first half of the 1920s, the establishment of a direct medical institution was planned, and in the second half, a path was created to implement free medical care through the social welfare commissioner system. In 1931, the government launched a “social project” in earnest and set up various initiatives; as part of this process, it submitted a plan to establish a municipal medical institution called the “Low-Priced Clinic Installation Plan.” Bumin Hospital did not strictly comply with user regulations. This is because it was advantageous for the hospital to receive many paying patients, as it operated with the income from user fees and the fees spent by paying patients. Most of the paying patients were middle-class Koreans who had difficulty using existing medical institutions. Therefore, the reliance on Koreans was gradually expanded at the hospital.
At Bumin Hospital, the management policy was based on the revenue structure of beneficiary burden and the profit structure of outpatient care. This allowed it to minimize the financial drain on the city’s government. However, due to the profit structure centered on outpatients, which increased the turnover rate, medical treatment and a lack of facilities worsened at Bumin Hospital. The facilities were also not actively improved to reduce the financial burden on the government. These structural problems were passed on to relatively low-income Koreans, who could not afford to choose other medical institutions.
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KEYWORD
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Gyeongseong Bumin Hospital, social projects, Medical Accessibility, Bumin Hospital, Low-Priced Clinic, Medical institution
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